The story of the Michelin Man
At the Lyon Universal Exhibition in 1894, the Michelin brothers noticed an evocatively-shaped pile of tyres on their stand. Édouard said to André, “Look, with arms it would make a man.” André Michelin would remember this moment a few years later.
In 1898, when looking at an advertising sketch for a brasserie drawn by O’Galop, André Michelin had an idea: why not replace the bearded giant raising his beer mug with a man made of a pile of tyres and holding a cup filled with nails and broken glass. The latin quotation from Horace, “Nunc est Bibendum” (now it is time to drink) declared by the character was also reused by Michelin.
O’Galop’s Michelin poster, 1898
“Cheers, the Michelin tyre drinks up obstacles!” This slogan had been launched by André Michelin a few years previously to convince engineers of the benefits of tyres.
An animated cartoon was made in the 1930s to show the Birth of Bibendum (embedded below).
No sooner was the Michelin Man born when he began to play a major role for the company: it was he who presented the products and advised and assisted motorists, becoming the brand’s worldwide ambassador.
In 1905, Michelin opened a sales office in London. The Michelin Man changed into a knight to conquer this new territory, wearing a helmet and carrying a shield. For his coat of arms, O’Galop drew his accoutrements: the spectacles, the cup, a cigar, and the cross-section of a tyre with a nail incapable of puncturing it. In the caption, a line from Tennyson is adapted to promote his tyres, “My strength is as the strength of ten, because my rubber is pure.”
As early as 1907 the Michelin Man crossed the Atlantic and set up a factory in Milltown, New Jersey. The advertising became more educational: the Michelin Man was depicted as a giant accompanying and advising travellers by explaining the advantages of his products.
From 1907 to 1915, the Agenzia dei Italia Pneumatici Michelin published a monthly review sent to its customers by post. It copied the fun but educational format of the “Michelin Mondays” in France. Particular care was taken with the cover illustrations, which naturally involved the Michelin Man. The Italians turned the character into even more of a hero than he was in France. On this cover the Michelin Man is a sort of diplomat idolised by women.
Michelin used a large number of artists who each brought their own interpretation to the character. His shape was guided by the narrow silhouette of the tyres, while his appearance and attitude reflected the customer of the time, smoking a cigar and wearing spectacles, here in 1914.
Michelin, by René Vincent, 1914
In North Africa in 1922, Roger Broders showed the company’s mascot dressed as a Bedouin. Adopting local costume, the Michelin Man slipped on babouches and a djellaba.
From the 1930s onwards, Michelin made increasingly less use of outside artists. As a result, images of the Michelin Man became more standardised, although there were country-specific variants. Adapting to the evolution of tyres, his rings became thicker and the character dropped his wealthy image to move closer to a broader customer base.
The character’s sportive nature is often symbolised through this famous attitude of the racing Michelin Man.
In Germany, as in the Nordic countries, the Michelin Man dons a hat, boots and a scarf when the weather gets cold in winter.
In Japan, he was seen as a ladies’ man with his sumo-like proportions.
In 1998 his centenary was an opportunity for the company to give him a new look: he appeared slimmer and more dynamic in the company’s brand block.
In 2009, Michelin launched a $20M ad campaign handled by TBWA.
Today, 100+ years after his birth, Bibendum stills appears all over the world.
Information from Meet the Michelin man, on the Michelin website.
Original design by O’Galop, 1898.
Also featured on pages 210-211 of Per Mollerup’s book, Marks of Excellence.
My favourite Bibendum appearance was in the 2009 film Logorama.
7 appreciated comments, click here to add one
Rich
Fantastic to see this evolution and comparison of promotional videos 80 years apart.
Dec 21st, 2012
Lee Newham
This is my favourite identity of all time. It’s emotive, adaptable, relevant and distinctive. Above all it’s fun and beautiful. Even though it’s so old, it still works.
Wasn’t the refresh done by The Partners?
Dec 21st, 2012
Nerijus
Great read and good to see some old ads as well. Love these evolution-of-brand history articles!
Dec 22nd, 2012
Jean-Rémi
A fascinating article. I’m french, and your article helped me rediscover this major brand identity. Thanks for that ! :)
Jan 2nd, 2013
Anthony Louis Kelly
I’ve always thought the Michelin Man made the company seem racist. Tires are black, yet the Michelin Man who is presumably made of tires is white. They obviously did not want a black mascot, but could not come up with a better solution than to make him white. Especially one of the more recent commercials where the white Michelin Man pulls black tires from inside his body and throws them on cartoon cars as they are driving by. Even if that was not their original intent, not a fan.
Feb 12th, 2013
Dino Henderson
Man, I never thought I’d see the Michelin Man on an art nouveau poster.
Feb 14th, 2013
Jen
The natural color of rubber is white, and so up until the early 1900′s tires were a pale, light color. Carbon started to be added around 1912 to add strength and durability, which is why all tires are now black. At the time of his invention, Mr. Bib was representing the product as a stack of white tires, because that’s the color the tires were.
Apr 10th, 2013
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